Primary examination pathology MCQs

Primary examination pathology MCQs

1.Which of the following changes is associated with irreversible cell damage?

A. glycogen depletion

B. flocculent densities in mitochondria

C. cellular swelling.

D. loss of microvilli.

2. 20.Irreversible cellular injury is characterised by all, EXCEPT

A. progressive loss of phospholipids.

B. decreased activity of Na+ / K+ ATPase causing cellular swelling.

 C. damage to the cellular cytoskeleton.

D. the presence of reactive O2 species.

3.Free radicals

A. are not a byproduct of metabolism.

B. can only form in the presence of oxygen.

C. may arise by absorption of radiant energy.

D. are removed with the aid of Vitamin A derivatives.

4.Apoptosis occurs in all but one of the following situations

A. embryogenesis.

B. bacterial infection.

C. menstruation.

D. tumours.

5.A substance that is not known to accumulate intracellularly is

A. melanin.

B. haemosiderin.

C. tattoo ink.

D. pus.

6.Concerning vascular leakage with acute inflammation

A. endothelial cell contraction preferentially occurs in arterioles 20-60 μm in diameter.

B. tumour necrosis factor (TNF) affects leakage by direct endothelial cell necrosis.

C. immediate sustained response is due to widening of intercellular gaps.

D. chemically mediated endothelial contraction is usually reversible.

7.Regarding the cellular mechanisms of vascular leakage, which of the following is INCORRECT

A. the ‘immediate transient response’ only occurs in venules of 20-60 μm diameter.

B. sunburn can cause a delayed and prolonged vascular leakage.

C. the endothelial injury caused by leukocytes is due to free radical-induced damage.

D. the cytoskeletal and junctional retraction mechanism is mediated by the complement system.

8.Cell adhesion molecules

A. includes selectins.

B. assist in white cell pavementing.

C. involve endothelium.

D. all of the above.

9.Leukocyte adhesion with transmigration involves all of the following EXCEPT

A. migration of leukocytes as a result of stasis of blood flow in the microvasculature.

B. interaction of integrins with immunoglobulin found on endothelial cells.

C. the selectins found only on endothelial cells.

D. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 adhesive molecules on the endothelial cells.

10.The directional movement of a cell or organism in response to a chemical gradient is best called

A. diapedesis.

B. emigration.

C. cytopempsis.

D. chemotaxis.

11.The chemical mediator NOT responsible for chemotaxis is

A. cytokines.

B. C5a.

C. bradykinin.

D. bacterial products.

12.Histamine exerts its effect during inflammation by

A. vasoconstriction of post capillary sphincters.

B. constriction of large arteries.

C. acting on H2 receptors on mast cells.

D. causing venular endothelial contraction.

13.The following are all actions of bradykinin EXCEPT

A. increased vascular permeability.

B. activation of complement pathway.

C. smooth muscle contraction.

D. dilation of blood vessels.

14.Kallikrein.

A. directly converts C5 to C5a.

B. negatively inhibits activation of Hageman Factor.

C. has high molecular weigh kininogen as a precursor.

D. is inactivated by kininase.

15.In the complement system, which is not true?

A. C3a, C5a cause vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability.

B. C5a is a powerful chemotactic agent.

C. C5a activates the cyclo-oxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism.

D. C5 can be activated by kallikrein.

16.With regard to eicosanoids

A. main action of LTB4 is to increase permeability.

B. PGE₂ causes intense vasoconstriction.

C. permeability increase caused by LTD4 restricted to venules.

D. LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, are important vasodilators.

17.Regarding complement

A. C5a is an important opsonising molecule.

B. C3b has chemotactic function.

C. it cannot cause cytolysis of bacteria in the absence of immune complexes.

D. C3a may cause mast cell degranulation.

18.Generalised oedema results from all of the following disorders EXCEPT

A. systemic hypertension

B. CCF

C. cirrhosis

D. nephrotic syndrome

19.Disorders that predispose to thrombosis include all of the following EXCEPT

A. pancreatic cancer

B. pregnancy

C. vitamin K deficiency

D. sickle cell anaemia

20.In which of the following situations is a thrombus likely to contain the least admixed blood clot

A. saccular aneurysms

B. phlebothrombosis

C. thrombophlebitis

D. rheumatic vegetations

Answers

1)      B

2)      D

3)      C

4)      B

5)      D

6)      D

7)      D

8)      D

9)      C

10)  D

11)  C

12)  D

13)  B

14)  A

15)  C

16)  C

17)  D

18)  A

19)  C

20)  D